简介 链接到标题
Helm 就是k8s 的包管理器
。常见的包管理器有:yum,apt,pip…
包管理器基础功能有:
- 安装
- 依赖安装
- 升级
- 回滚
- 卸载
- 源管理
- 搜索
- …
基本概念 链接到标题
Helm: Kubernetes的包管理工具,命令行同名
Tiller: Helmv2 的服务端,用于接收并处理 Helm 发送的请求,默认以 Deployment 形式部署在 k8s 集群中
Chart: Helm 包管理的基础单元,等同于 RPM
Repoistory: Helm的软件源仓库,是一个 Web 服务器,路径下除了响应的软件 Chart 包之外,维护了一个 index.yaml 用于索引
Release: Helm 安装在 Kubernetes 集群中的 Chart 实例
现状 链接到标题
helm 截至06月20日最新稳定版本为 v2.14.1。
在05月16日发布了 v3.0 alpha 版本,根据相关文档描述,v2 无法平滑升级到 v3 版本。
注:存在部分小版本无法平滑升级情况。
helm v3 版本改进:
- 在 v2 版本设计中,需要单独创建属于 Tiller 的 ServiceAccount,授权 clusteradmin 权限,以为着只要你有 helm 权限,那么你有操作 k8s全集群所有权限。在 v3 版本中删除 Tiller,直接与 k8s api 进行通信,权限管理更清晰
- helm 提供 libary
- 模板引擎切换为 Lua
- 目前通过 Hook 方式创建的资源,helm 后续不会管理,在 v3 会增加管理 Hook 资源功能
- 目前所有配置保存在 cm 中,后续考虑保存到 secret
- v2 需要单独维护仓库,v3 中可以将 Chart 推送到 Docker 镜像仓库中,提供 helm push/login 功能
- …
Helm2 基本使用 链接到标题
安装 链接到标题
在 Helm Github Release 下载最新版本二进制文件,并在本地解压。
在 k8s master 节点,执行 helm init --server-account tiller
将 Tiller 部署在 k8s 集群中,指定 Service Account 为 Tiller。
在 k8s 1.6 版本之后,需要创建对应的 ServiceAccount 资源给 Tiller ,便于 Tiller 后续创建资源,参考官方文档:
rbac-config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: tiller
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: tiller
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: tiller
namespace: kube-system
$ kubectl create -f rbac-config.yaml
serviceaccount "tiller" created
clusterrolebinding "tiller" created
通过 helm version
验证是否部署成功,成功会显示 client 和 server 对应版本。
[root@node1 helm]# helm version
Client: &version.Version{SemVer:"v2.14.1", GitCommit:"5270352a09c7e8b6e8c9593002a73535276507c0", GitTreeState:"clean"}
Server: &version.Version{SemVer:"v2.14.1", GitCommit:"5270352a09c7e8b6e8c9593002a73535276507c0", GitTreeState:"clean"}
基本使用 链接到标题
Chart构建 链接到标题
本地创建一个测试软件包:
[root@node1 helm]# helm create yiran-test
Creating yiran-test
[root@node1 helm]# tree yiran-test/
yiran-test/
├── charts # yiran-test 所依赖的 Chart,此处为空
├── Chart.yaml # yiran-test 的基本信息,包含:名称,apiversion, appversion, version
├── templates
│ ├── deployment.yaml # 配置模板路径
│ ├── _helpers.tpl # 用于修改kubernetes objcet配置的模板
│ ├── ingress.yaml #
│ ├── NOTES.txt # 类似于 Chart README
│ ├── service.yaml #
│ └── tests
│ └── test-connection.yaml # 测试模板
└── values.yaml # 用于渲染模板的具体值
3 directories, 8 files
有了基础示例,我们可以先通过 dry-run
方式跑一下:
[root@node1 yiran-test]# helm install --dry-run --debug ./
[debug] Created tunnel using local port: '39257'
[debug] SERVER: "127.0.0.1:39257"
[debug] Original chart version: ""
[debug] CHART PATH: /root/helm/yiran-test
NAME: torrid-rodent
REVISION: 1
RELEASED: Thu Jun 20 19:10:08 2019
CHART: yiran-test-0.1.0
USER-SUPPLIED VALUES:
{}
COMPUTED VALUES:
affinity: {}
fullnameOverride: ""
image:
pullPolicy: IfNotPresent
repository: nginx
tag: stable
imagePullSecrets: []
ingress:
annotations: {}
enabled: false
hosts:
- host: chart-example.local
paths: []
tls: []
nameOverride: ""
nodeSelector: {}
replicaCount: 1
resources: {}
service:
port: 80
type: ClusterIP
tolerations: []
HOOKS:
---
# torrid-rodent-yiran-test-test-connection
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: "torrid-rodent-yiran-test-test-connection"
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: yiran-test
helm.sh/chart: yiran-test-0.1.0
app.kubernetes.io/instance: torrid-rodent
app.kubernetes.io/version: "1.0"
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Tiller
annotations:
"helm.sh/hook": test-success
spec:
containers:
- name: wget
image: busybox
command: ['wget']
args: ['torrid-rodent-yiran-test:80']
restartPolicy: Never
MANIFEST:
安装 链接到标题
可以看到生成的 YAML 文件就是拿 values.yaml 值渲染模板生成的,那么我们来安装一下:
[root@node1 yiran-test]# helm install ./
NAME: precise-bear
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Jun 20 19:12:01 2019
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: DEPLOYED
RESOURCES:
==> v1/Deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
precise-bear-yiran-test 0/1 0 0 1s
==> v1/Pod(related)
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
precise-bear-yiran-test-785f967587-9rll6 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 1s
==> v1/Service
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
precise-bear-yiran-test ClusterIP 10.68.142.106 <none> 80/TCP 1s
NOTES:
1. Get the application URL by running these commands:
export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=yiran-test,app.kubernetes.io/instance=precise-bear" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
echo "Visit http://127.0.0.1:8080 to use your application"
kubectl port-forward $POD_NAME 8080:80
[root@node1 yiran-test]# helm list
NAME REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION NAMESPACE
precise-bear 1 Thu Jun 20 19:12:01 2019 DEPLOYED yiran-test-0.1.0 1.0 default
[root@node1 yiran-test]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
precise-bear-yiran-test-785f967587-9rll6 0/1 Running 0 7s
注意,此时我们已经创建好了对应的资源,可以通过 kubectl
来查看状态。
升级 链接到标题
我们来修改一下 yiran-test/Chart.yaml
,调整下版本,进行升级:
[root@node1 yiran-test]# cat Chart.yaml
apiVersion: v2
appVersion: "2.0"
description: A Helm chart for Kubernetes
name: yiran-test
version: 0.2.0
[root@node1 yiran-test]# helm list
heNAME REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION NAMESPACE
precise-bear 1 Thu Jun 20 19:12:01 2019 DEPLOYED yiran-test-0.1.0 1.0 default
[root@node1 yiran-test]# helm upgrade precise-bear ./
Release "precise-bear" has been upgraded.
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Jun 20 19:18:30 2019
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: DEPLOYED
RESOURCES:
==> v1/Deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
precise-bear-yiran-test 1/1 1 1 6m30s
==> v1/Pod(related)
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
precise-bear-yiran-test-785f967587-9rll6 1/1 Running 0 6m30s
==> v1/Service
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
precise-bear-yiran-test ClusterIP 10.68.142.106 <none> 80/TCP 6m30s
NOTES:
1. Get the application URL by running these commands:
export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=yiran-test,app.kubernetes.io/instance=precise-bear" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
echo "Visit http://127.0.0.1:8080 to use your application"
kubectl port-forward $POD_NAME 8080:80
[root@node1 yiran-test]# helm list
NAME REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION NAMESPACE
precise-bear 2 Thu Jun 20 19:18:30 2019 DEPLOYED yiran-test-0.2.0 2.0 default
回滚 链接到标题
通过上述步骤,我们已经把我们的应用 yiran-test
从 0.1.0
版本升级到了 0.2.0
版本,那么我们现在来尝试下回滚。
helm 回滚操作需要指定 Release 名称和目标版本:
[root@node1 yiran-test]# helm list
NAME REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION NAMESPACE
precise-bear 2 Thu Jun 20 19:18:30 2019 DEPLOYED yiran-test-0.2.0 2.0 default
[root@node1 yiran-test]# helm rollback precise-bear 1
Rollback was a success.
[root@node1 yiran-test]# helm list
NAME REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION NAMESPACE
precise-bear 3 Thu Jun 20 19:23:04 2019 DEPLOYED yiran-test-0.1.0 1.0 default
嗯,可以看到,我们指定了回滚的目标 REVISION,回滚成功了,yiran-test
回到了 0.1.0
版本,但是,最恶心的来了,Release 的当前版本变成了 3
,而不是设想中的 1
。
卸载 链接到标题
如果我们想要从 k8s 上卸载对应的软件,也就是我们的 yiran-test
,我们可以直接执行 delete
命令,会直接把相关资源全部删除掉。
[root@node1 ~]# helm list
NAME REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION NAMESPACE
precise-bear 3 Thu Jun 20 19:23:04 2019 DEPLOYED yiran-test-0.1.0 1.0 default
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl get pod
kuNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
precise-bear-yiran-test-785f967587-9rll6 1/1 Running 0 139m
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.68.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 36d
precise-bear-yiran-test ClusterIP 10.68.142.106 <none> 80/TCP 139m
[root@node1 ~]# helm delete precise-bear
release "precise-bear" deleted
[root@node1 ~]# helm list
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
precise-bear-yiran-test-785f967587-9rll6 0/1 Terminating 0 139m
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.68.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 36d
软件源管理 链接到标题
上面我们所有的操作都是针对本地包(路径),那么我们怎么才能通过网络下载别人已经构建好的软件包呢?
helm 使用 repo
命令来管理软件源,使用上也很简单,简单列举下相应命令实用说明:
[root@node1 ~]# helm repo list
NAME URL
stable https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com
local http://127.0.0.1:8879/charts
[root@node1 ~]# helm repo add stable-mirror https://burdenbear.github.io/kube-charts-mirror/
"stable-mirror" has been added to your repositories
[root@node1 ~]# helm repo add stable https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com
helm repo list
"stable" has been added to your repositories
[root@node1 ~]# helm repo list
NAME URL
stable https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com
local http://127.0.0.1:8879/charts
stable-mirror https://burdenbear.github.io/kube-charts-mirror/
[root@node1 ~]# helm repo remove local
"local" has been removed from your repositories
[root@node1 ~]# helm repo list
NAME URL
stable https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com
stable-mirror https://burdenbear.github.io/kube-charts-mirror/
软件搜索 链接到标题
[root@node1 ~]# helm search mongo
NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
stable-mirror/mongodb 5.20.0 4.0.10 NoSQL document-oriented database that stores JSON-like do...
stable-mirror/mongodb-replicaset 3.9.6 3.6
...
打包与本地软件源构建 链接到标题
Helm v2 命令支持本地创建软件源,命令关键字是 helm serve
,下面来演示下相关操作:
启动本地源,并指定 IP 地址和 repo 路径:
[root@node1 helm]# pwd
/root/helm
[root@node1 helm]# ls
rbac-config.yaml yiran-test
[root@node1 helm]# helm serve --address 192.168.27.231:8879 --repo-path /root/helm/
Regenerating index. This may take a moment.
Now serving you on 192.168.27.231:8879
新开终端,通过修改 yiran-test
的 Chart.yaml 文件打包两个版本的 Chart:
[root@node1 helm]# cat yiran-test/Chart.yaml
apiVersion: v1
appVersion: "1.0"
description: A Helm chart for Kubernetes
name: yiran-test
version: 0.1.0
[root@node1 helm]# helm package yiran-test
Successfully packaged chart and saved it to: /root/helm/yiran-test-0.1.0.tgz
[root@node1 helm]# vi yiran-test/Chart.yaml
[root@node1 helm]# cat yiran-test/Chart.yaml
apiVersion: v2
appVersion: "2.0"
description: A Helm chart for Kubernetes
name: yiran-test
version: 0.2.0
[root@node1 helm]# helm package yiran-test
Successfully packaged chart and saved it to: /root/helm/yiran-test-0.2.0.tgz
[root@node1 helm]# ls
index.yaml rbac-config.yaml yiran-test yiran-test-0.1.0.tgz yiran-test-0.2.0.tgz
此时访问浏览器,应该只能看到空的列表,我们更新一下软件源索引:
[root@node1 helm]# helm repo index --url=http://192.168.27.231:8879 .
[root@node1 helm]# pwd
/root/helm
[root@node1 helm]# cat index.yaml
apiVersion: v1
entries:
yiran-test:
- apiVersion: v2
appVersion: "2.0"
created: "2019-06-21T13:43:41.220764856+08:00"
description: A Helm chart for Kubernetes
digest: af54cfdc5f8e6463a91311496bab8fafd7364c3588b85b5e676fb930cd4e2754
name: yiran-test
urls:
- http://192.168.27.231:8879/yiran-test-0.2.0.tgz
version: 0.2.0
- apiVersion: v1
appVersion: "1.0"
created: "2019-06-21T13:43:41.220059406+08:00"
description: A Helm chart for Kubernetes
digest: 64b94c30827aab8e52f57cd3950645bb14ae2deb44e3100d48ecd64f1e706ea5
name: yiran-test
urls:
- http://192.168.27.231:8879/yiran-test-0.1.0.tgz
version: 0.1.0
generated: "2019-06-21T13:43:41.218753007+08:00"
可以看到在 repo 路径下生成了一个 index.yaml 文件,这个文件就是 repo 的索引文件,我们可以直接通过浏览器访问 http://192.168.27.231:8879
来浏览或下载所需软件包。
也可以将本地 repo 添加到 helm 中,使用 helm 命令将软件包部署到 k8s 中:
[root@node1 helm]# helm repo list
NAME URL
stable https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com
stable-mirror https://burdenbear.github.io/kube-charts-mirror/
[root@node1 helm]# helm repo add local http://192.168.27.231:8879
"local" has been added to your repositories
[root@node1 helm]# helm repo list
NAME URL
stable https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com
stable-mirror https://burdenbear.github.io/kube-charts-mirror/
local http://192.168.27.231:8879
[root@node1 helm]# helm search yiran
NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
local/yiran-test 0.2.0 2.0 A Helm chart for Kubernetes
尝试从本地源安装应用:
[root@node1 helm]# helm list
[root@node1 helm]# helm search yiran
NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
local/yiran-test 0.2.0 2.0 A Helm chart for Kubernetes
[root@node1 helm]# helm install local/yiran-test
NAME: orange-chicken
LAST DEPLOYED: Fri Jun 21 13:49:45 2019
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: DEPLOYED
RESOURCES:
==> v1/Deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
orange-chicken-yiran-test 0/1 0 0 1s
==> v1/Pod(related)
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
orange-chicken-yiran-test-7f494c67b5-q9kwp 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 1s
==> v1/Service
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
orange-chicken-yiran-test ClusterIP 10.68.85.197 <none> 80/TCP 1s
NOTES:
1. Get the application URL by running these commands:
export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=yiran-test,app.kubernetes.io/instance=orange-chicken" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
echo "Visit http://127.0.0.1:8080 to use your application"
kubectl port-forward $POD_NAME 8080:80
[root@node1 helm]# helm list
NAME REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION NAMESPACE
orange-chicken 1 Fri Jun 21 13:49:45 2019 DEPLOYED yiran-test-0.2.0 2.0 default
[root@node1 helm]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
orange-chicken-yiran-test-7f494c67b5-q9kwp 1/1 Running 0 62s
Chart 依赖管理 链接到标题
包管理器一个比较钟要的功能就是依赖管理,当我安装 A,A 依赖于 B,那么 B 应该会自动安装完成。
我们在 yiran-test
中添加两个依赖,并构建:
[root@node1 helm]# cat yiran-test/requirements.yaml # 添加 apache 和 mysql 依赖
dependencies:
- name: apache
version: 4.3.2
repository: https://charts.bitnami.com
- name: mysql
version: 1.2.0
repository: https://burdenbear.github.io/kube-charts-mirror/
[root@node1 helm]# tree yiran-test/ # 当前目录结构
yiran-test/
├── charts
├── Chart.yaml
├── requirements.yaml
├── templates
│ ├── deployment.yaml
│ ├── _helpers.tpl
│ ├── ingress.yaml
│ ├── NOTES.txt
│ ├── service.yaml
│ └── tests
│ └── test-connection.yaml
└── values.yaml
3 directories, 9 files
[root@node1 helm]# helm dep up yiran-test/ # 下载依赖到本地
Hang tight while we grab the latest from your chart repositories...
...Successfully got an update from the "local" chart repository
...Successfully got an update from the "stable" chart repository
...Successfully got an update from the "bitnami" chart repository
...Successfully got an update from the "stable-mirror" chart repository
Update Complete.
Saving 2 charts
Downloading apache from repo https://charts.bitnami.com
Downloading mysql from repo https://burdenbear.github.io/kube-charts-mirror/
Deleting outdated charts
[root@node1 helm]# tree yiran-test/ # 完整目录结构
yiran-test/
├── charts
│ ├── apache-4.3.2.tgz
│ └── mysql-1.2.0.tgz
├── Chart.yaml
├── requirements.lock
├── requirements.yaml
├── templates
│ ├── deployment.yaml
│ ├── _helpers.tpl
│ ├── ingress.yaml
│ ├── NOTES.txt
│ ├── service.yaml
│ └── tests
│ └── test-connection.yaml
└── values.yaml
3 directories, 12 files
[root@node1 helm]# helm package yiran-test
Successfully packaged chart and saved it to: /root/helm/yiran-test-0.2.0.tgz
可以看到 helm 对依赖的管理方式是将自己所依赖的所有 Chart,均下载到 yiran-test/charts/
路径下,我们打包的时候其实已经包含了所有依赖了。
再创建一个 Chart,依赖于 yiran-test
:
[root@node1 helm]# tree nested/
nested/
├── charts
│ └── yiran-test-0.2.0.tgz
├── Chart.yaml
├── requirements.lock
├── requirements.yaml
├── templates
│ ├── deployment.yaml
│ ├── _helpers.tpl
│ ├── ingress.yaml
│ ├── NOTES.txt
│ ├── service.yaml
│ └── tests
│ └── test-connection.yaml
└── values.yaml
3 directories, 11 files
[root@node1 helm]# cat nested/requirements.yaml
dependencies:
- name: yiran-test
version: 0.2.0
repository: http://192.168.27.231:8879
实际安装 nested
,来看下安装结果:
[root@node1 helm]# helm install nested/
NAME: alliterating-gopher
LAST DEPLOYED: Fri Jun 21 18:22:52 2019
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: DEPLOYED
RESOURCES:
==> v1/ConfigMap
NAME DATA AGE
alliterating-gopher-mysql-test 1 1s
==> v1/Deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
alliterating-gopher-nested 0/1 1 0 1s
alliterating-gopher-yiran-test 0/1 1 0 1s
==> v1/PersistentVolumeClaim
NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE
alliterating-gopher-mysql Pending 1s
==> v1/Pod(related)
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
alliterating-gopher-apac-7bf7cc75d5-mhdsg 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 1s
alliterating-gopher-mysql-5db64c59d9-987vm 0/1 Pending 0 1s
alliterating-gopher-nested-6c74d785df-jdqgq 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 1s
alliterating-gopher-yiran-test-67b5cb5599-nfspm 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 1s
==> v1/Secret
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
alliterating-gopher-mysql Opaque 2 1s
==> v1/Service
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
alliterating-gopher-apac LoadBalancer 10.68.35.233 <pending> 80:21195/TCP,443:26200/TCP 1s
alliterating-gopher-mysql ClusterIP 10.68.70.173 <none> 3306/TCP 1s
alliterating-gopher-nested ClusterIP 10.68.190.252 <none> 80/TCP 1s
alliterating-gopher-yiran-test ClusterIP 10.68.217.171 <none> 80/TCP 1s
==> v1beta1/Deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
alliterating-gopher-apac 0/1 1 0 1s
alliterating-gopher-mysql 0/1 1 0 1s
NOTES:
1. Get the application URL by running these commands:
export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=nested,app.kubernetes.io/instance=alliterating-gopher" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
echo "Visit http://127.0.0.1:8080 to use your application"
kubectl port-forward $POD_NAME 8080:80
[root@node1 helm]# helm list
NAME REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION NAMESPACE
alliterating-gopher 1 Fri Jun 21 18:22:52 2019 DEPLOYED nested-0.1.0 1.0 default
[root@node1 helm]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
alliterating-gopher-apac-7bf7cc75d5-mhdsg 0/1 Running 0 5s
alliterating-gopher-mysql-5db64c59d9-987vm 0/1 Pending 0 5s
alliterating-gopher-nested-6c74d785df-jdqgq 0/1 Running 0 5s
alliterating-gopher-yiran-test-67b5cb5599-nfspm 1/1 Running 0 5s
我们可以看到 nested 已经安装完成了,同时 nested 依赖得 yiran-test 及 yiran-test 依赖得 mysql & apache 也已经安装了。
具体得依赖关系直接引用官方文档示例:
假设名为 “A” 的 chart 创建以下 Kubernetes 对象
namespace “A-Namespace”
statefulset “A-StatefulSet”
service “A-Service”
此外,A 依赖于创建对象的 chart B.
namespace “B-Namespace”
replicaset “B-ReplicaSet”
service “B-Service”
安装/升级 chart A 后,会创建/修改单个 Helm 版本。该版本将按以下顺序创建/更新所有上述 Kubernetes 对象:
A-Namespace
B-Namespace
A-StatefulSet
B-ReplicaSet
A-Service
B-Service
这是因为当 Helm 安装 / 升级 charts 时,charts 中的 Kubernetes 对象及其所有依赖项都是如下
- 聚合成一个单一的集合;
- 按类型排序,然后按名称排序;
- 按该顺序创建/更新。
因此,单个 release 是使用 charts 及其依赖关系创建的所有对象,这意味着 Helm 不管理依赖服务的相关启动顺序,要由上层应用自己控制(比如创建响应探针)。
具体的资源创建顺序可以看 Tiller 相关代码。
总结 链接到标题
总体来说 Helm 基础功能使用还是很方便的,关键在于我们如何划分我们应用的粒度,比如 openstack 是以组件为粒度划分的:nova Chart 包含 api、scheduler、conductor 等服务;比如 TiDB Operator 项目是以具体功能来划分的:tidb-backup、tidb-cluster、tidb-operator 。我们应该根据自己的业务需求,合理划分。
还有一点需要注意的是,Helm 项目还处于快速发展阶段(貌似涉及 k8s 的都变化太快),尤其是最近发布了 Helm3 alpha,如果是生产系统,需要考虑后续是否能够平滑升级的影响。
如果实在不喜欢 Helm Tiller 方式,单纯使用 Helm template 也是可以的。